Specimen profile Növényprofil
Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum is a grain crop with many common names, including proso millet, broomcorn millet, common millet, hog millet, Kashfi millet, red millet, and white millet. Archaeobotanical evidence suggests millet was first domesticated about 10,000 BP in Northern China. Major cu... A termesztett köles (Panicum miliaceum) a perjefélék családjába tartozó növényfaj. Világszerte termesztett gabona- és takarmánynövény. Nemzetségének a típusfaja. A magyarság egyik legrégibb, elfeledett, majd napjainkban – a gluténmentes életmódra való áttérés kényszerűsége, valam...
ClassificationBesorolás
| Scientific name Tudományos név | Panicum miliaceum |
|---|---|
| Common name Köznév | Brown millet |
| Köznév | Termesztett köles |
| FamilyCsalád | Poaceae |
| GenusNemzetség | Panicum |
Common NamesKöznevek
- Brown millet
- Chinese millet
- Common millet
- French millet
Common NamesKöznevek
- Termesztett köles
Botanical Garden LocationBotanikus kerti elhelyezkedés
Crops Haszonnövények (16)
This plant is part of the Collection of crop plants (Medicinal, dye, textile and oil plants) collection. Ez a növény az Haszonnövények gyűjteménye (Gyógy-, festék-, textil és olajnövények) gyűjtemény része.
ToxicityMérgezés
AboutLeírás
Panicum miliaceum is a grain crop with many common names, including proso millet, broomcorn millet, common millet, hog millet, Kashfi millet, red millet, and white millet. Archaeobotanical evidence suggests millet was first domesticated about 10,000 BP in Northern China. Major cultivated areas include Northern China, Himachal Pradesh of India, Nepal, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Middle East, Turkey, Romania, and the Great Plains states of the United States. About 500,000 acres (200,000 hectares) are grown each year. The crop is notable both for its extremely short lifecycle, with some varieties producing grain only 60 days after planting, and its low water requirements, producing grain more efficiently per unit of moisture than any other grain species tested. The name "proso millet" comes from the pan-Slavic general and generic name for millet (Serbo-Croatian: proso/просо, Czech: proso, Polish: proso, Russian: просо). Proso millet is a relative of foxtail millet, pearl millet, maize, and sorghum within the grass subfamily Panicoideae. While all of these crops use C4 photosynthesis, the others all employ the NADP-ME as their primary carbon shuttle pathway, while the primary C4 carbon shuttle in proso millet is the NAD-ME pathway.
A termesztett köles (Panicum miliaceum) a perjefélék családjába tartozó növényfaj. Világszerte termesztett gabona- és takarmánynövény. Nemzetségének a típusfaja. A magyarság egyik legrégibb, elfeledett, majd napjainkban – a gluténmentes életmódra való áttérés kényszerűsége, valamint hagyományőrzés miatt is – reneszánszát élő gabonája. A középkorban a szegény emberek egyik fő tápláléka a hántoltköleskása volt. A 19. században a burgonya és a búza szorította háttérbe a termesztését. Származási helye jelenleg nem ismert, de leletek tanúsága szerint Kína területén legalább 10 ezer éve termesztik. Jelenleg a legnagyobb területen Afrikában és Ázsiában termesztik. Magyarországon termőterülete néhány száz hektár. További magyar nevei: seprűköles, disznóköles, Hersey-köles. Magyarországon alfajaként különítik el a Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale-t, amit gyomkölesnek, vetési kölesnek, vadkölesnek vagy törékeny kölesnek neveznek.
Native DistributionTermészetes elterjedés
Detailed RegionsRészletes régiók
Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent Bangladesh East Himalaya India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka West Himalaya Indo-China Myanmar Introduced into Africa Macaronesia Canary Is. Madeira Northern Africa Egypt Libya Morocco Southern Africa Botswana Lesotho Northern Provinces West-Central Tropical Africa Cameroon Western Indian Ocean Comoros Madagascar Mauritius Asia-Temperate Arabian Peninsula Gulf States Oman Saudi Arabia Yemen Caucasus North Caucasus Transcaucasus China China South-Central China Southeast Inner Mongolia Eastern Asia Japan Korea Nansei-shoto Middle Asia Kazakhstan Kirgizistan Tadzhikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Mongolia Mongolia Russian Far East Amur Khabarovsk Primorye Siberia Altay Buryatiya Chita Irkutsk Tuva West Siberia Yakutskiya Western Asia Afghanistan Cyprus Iran Iraq Lebanon-Syria Palestine Turkey Asia-Tropical Indo-China Vietnam Malesia Philippines Australasia Australia Tasmania New Zealand Chatham Is. New Zealand North New Zealand South Europe Eastern Europe Baltic States Belarus Central European Russia East European Russia Krym North European Russia Northwest European Russia South European Russia Ukraine Middle Europe Austria Belgium Czechoslovakia Germany Hungary Poland Switzerland Northern Europe Great Britain Sweden Southeastern Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Italy Romania Turkey-in-Europe Yugoslavia Southwestern Europe Baleares France Sardegna Spain Northern America Eastern Canada New Brunswick Newfoundland Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward I. Québec Mexico Mexico Central Mexico Northeast Mexico Northwest Mexico Southwest North-Central U.S.A. Illinois Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Wisconsin Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut Indiana Maine Masachusettes Michigan New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode I. Vermont Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado Idaho Montana Oregon Washington Wyoming South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico Texas Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Tennessee Virginia Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona California Nevada Utah Western Canada Alberta British Columbia Manitoba Saskatchewan Pacific North-Central Pacific Hawaii Northwestern Pacific Caroline Is. Marianas Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia Southern America Brazil Brazil North Paraába Pernambuco Rio Grande do Norte Brazil South Rio Grande do Sul Santa Catarina Brazil Southeast Minas Gerais São Paulo Brazil West-Central Brazilia Distrito Federal Goiás Mato Grosso do Sul Caribbean Bermuda Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti Leeward Is. Puerto Rico Central America Honduras Northern South America French Guiana Guyana Southern South America Argentina Northeast Argentina Northwest Uruguay Western South America Colombia
Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent Bangladesh East Himalaya India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka West Himalaya Indo-China Myanmar Introduced into Africa Macaronesia Canary Is. Madeira Northern Africa Egypt Libya Morocco Southern Africa Botswana Lesotho Northern Provinces West-Central Tropical Africa Cameroon Western Indian Ocean Comoros Madagascar Mauritius Asia-Temperate Arabian Peninsula Gulf States Oman Saudi Arabia Yemen Caucasus North Caucasus Transcaucasus China China South-Central China Southeast Inner Mongolia Eastern Asia Japan Korea Nansei-shoto Middle Asia Kazakhstan Kirgizistan Tadzhikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Mongolia Mongolia Russian Far East Amur Khabarovsk Primorye Siberia Altay Buryatiya Chita Irkutsk Tuva West Siberia Yakutskiya Western Asia Afghanistan Cyprus Iran Iraq Lebanon-Syria Palestine Turkey Asia-Tropical Indo-China Vietnam Malesia Philippines Australasia Australia Tasmania New Zealand Chatham Is. New Zealand North New Zealand South Europe Eastern Europe Baltic States Belarus Central European Russia East European Russia Krym North European Russia Northwest European Russia South European Russia Ukraine Middle Europe Austria Belgium Czechoslovakia Germany Hungary Poland Switzerland Northern Europe Great Britain Sweden Southeastern Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Italy Romania Turkey-in-Europe Yugoslavia Southwestern Europe Baleares France Sardegna Spain Northern America Eastern Canada New Brunswick Newfoundland Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward I. Québec Mexico Mexico Central Mexico Northeast Mexico Northwest Mexico Southwest North-Central U.S.A. Illinois Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Wisconsin Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut Indiana Maine Masachusettes Michigan New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode I. Vermont Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado Idaho Montana Oregon Washington Wyoming South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico Texas Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Mississippi North Carolina Tennessee Virginia Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona California Nevada Utah Western Canada Alberta British Columbia Manitoba Saskatchewan Pacific North-Central Pacific Hawaii Northwestern Pacific Caroline Is. Marianas Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia Southern America Brazil Brazil North Paraába Pernambuco Rio Grande do Norte Brazil South Rio Grande do Sul Santa Catarina Brazil Southeast Minas Gerais São Paulo Brazil West-Central Brazilia Distrito Federal Goiás Mato Grosso do Sul Caribbean Bermuda Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti Leeward Is. Puerto Rico Central America Honduras Northern South America French Guiana Guyana Southern South America Argentina Northeast Argentina Northwest Uruguay Western South America Colombia
Data confidenceAdat megbízhatóság: medium
SynonymsSzinonimák
- Leptoloma miliacea (L.) Smyth
- Milium esculentum Moench
- Milium paniceum Mill.
- Milium panicum Mill.
- Panicum asperrimum Fisch.
- Panicum asperrimum Fisch. ex Jacq.
- Panicum densepilosum Steud.
- Panicum miliaceum L.
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. aerugineum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. agricola H.Scholz & Mikoláš
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. anthracinum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. aquilum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. atrobrunneum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. coffeatum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. corsinum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. densobrunneum Agaf.
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. fuscum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. glaucum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. nicotianum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale Kitag.
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. subvitellinotephrum Agaf.
- Panicum miliaceum subsp. virescens Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. aerugineum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. album Alef.
- Panicum miliaceum var. anthracinum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. aquilum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. atrobrunneum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. aureum Alef.
- Panicum miliaceum var. cinereum Alef.
- Panicum miliaceum var. coffeatum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. compactum Körn.
- Panicum miliaceum var. contractum Alef.
- Panicum miliaceum var. corsinum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. densobrunneum Agaf.
- Panicum miliaceum var. effusum Alef.
- Panicum miliaceum var. erectum Lewicki
- Panicum miliaceum var. fuscum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. glaucum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. leucospermum N.H.F.Desp.
- Panicum miliaceum var. nicotianum Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum miliaceum var. nigrum Alef.
- Panicum miliaceum var. nigrum Thuill.
- Panicum miliaceum var. nutans Beck
- Panicum miliaceum var. ruderale Kitag.
- Panicum miliaceum var. sanguineum Alef.
- Panicum miliaceum var. spontaneum Barkworth et al.
- Panicum miliaceum var. suberectum Beck
- Panicum miliaceum var. subvitellinotephrum Agaf.
- Panicum miliaceum var. virescens Krassavin & Uljanova
- Panicum milium Pers.
- Panicum provinciale É.Huet & Chamb.
- Panicum ruderale (Kitag.) D.M.Chang
- Panicum ruderale (Kitagawa) T.N.Liou
- Panicum spontaneum Zhuk.
- Panicum triphellon Y.Yabe